Battery range calculator ESTIMATE

A planning estimate from a simple physics model. It is not a manufacturer figure and not a promise. Real range depends on motor, tires, surface, temperature, speed and how you ride.

Assumptions (all of them)

• Energy = climbing work (mass × 9.81 × height) plus rolling resistance work (coefficient × mass × 9.81 × distance). Wind resistance is ignored (we assume slow trail speeds).
• The motor supplies the "assist level" share of that work; the rider supplies the rest. The Eco/Trail/Turbo shares (35/60/80%) are our assumptions, not measurements of any maker's modes.
• Drive efficiency 75% and rolling resistance 0.015 are assumed defaults, adjustable above. They are not from a source.
• No energy is recovered on descents. Cold weather, sandy surfaces and big gearing choices change results.
• Presets only fill the battery Wh from the maker pages in our model database^[1]. Marketing range claims differ: e.g. Specialized's own footnote says its maximum range is "based on Eco Mode, 80Kg Rider, significant elevation gain..." with an 840 Wh battery and 280 Wh range extender.

Sources

1. official · Specialized: Turbo Levo 4 Comp · checked Oct 31, 2026